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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the study measures

From: Long-term impact of undergraduate community-based clinical training on community healthcare practice in Japan: a cross-sectional study

  All Experienced CBCT Unexperienced CBCT  
n = 195 n = 48 n = 147  
n (%) n (%) n (%) p††
Age (year, mean, SD)* 43.8 (3.5) 43.1 (4.8) 44.0 (3.0) 0.11
Gender (male) 149 (76.4) 36 (75.0) 113 (76.9) 0.79
Attitude at admission
 “Worthwhile” (VAS; 0–100; mean, SD) 37.8 (29.1) 42.5 (28.8) 36.3 (29.1) 0.21
  “Confidence” (VAS; 0–100; mean, SD) 29.2 (24.8) 33.1 (25.7) 27.9 (24.4) 0.21
 “Rural” (VAS; 0–100; mean, SD)* 21.7 (23.8) 22.3 (24.1) 21.5 (23.8) 0.83
Hometown
 Own (urban, neither, rural) 99 (50.8), 42 (21.5), 54 (27.7) 21 (43.8), 9 (18.8), 18 (37.5) 78 (53.1), 33 (22.5), 36 (24.5) 0.22
 Spouse (urban, neither, rural)* 105 (54.1), 32 (16.5), 44 (22.7) 24 (50.0), 9 (18.8), 13 (27.1) 81 (55.5), 23 (15.8), 31 (21.2) 0.67
Emphasis on child education (importanta)* 128 (66.0) 33 (68.8) 95 (65.1) 0.64
Details of CBCT
 Outpatient care   44 (91.7)   
 Inpatient care   37 (77.1)   
 Home medical care   19 (39.6)   
 Home nursing care   8 (16.7)   
 Outpatient day long-term care*   9 (19.2)   
 Long-term care facility   10 (20.8)   
 Rehabilitation   16 (33.3)   
 Medical checkup   9 (18.8)   
 Vaccination   11 (22.9)   
 Health education for residents or patients   13 (27.1)   
 Mobile clinic*   10 (21.3)   
 Training period (day, mean, SD)§   26.3 (27.3)   
 Rurality of the training site (rural)   0 (0.0)   
Current CH practices (providerb)* 148 (76.3) 38 (79.2) 110 (75.3) 0.59
 Home medical care 10 (5.1) 3 (6.3) 7 (4.8) 0.69
 Participation in discharge planning conference 41 (21.0) 10 (20.8) 31 (21.1) 0.97
 Vaccination 51 (26.4) 12 (25.0) 39 (26.9) 0.80
 Health education for residents or patients 64 (33.3) 17 (35.4) 47 (32.6) 0.72
 Medical checkup 22 (11.4) 6 (12.5) 16 (11.0) 0.78
 Collaboration with health professionals 24 (12.5) 5 (10.6) 19 (13.1) 0.66
 Collaboration with welfare professionals 33 (17.1) 8 (16.7) 25 (17.2) 0.93
 Collaboration with administrative professionals 20 (10.4) 5 (10.4) 15 (10.3) 0.99
 Collaboration with community residents 17 (8.9) 4 (8.5) 13 (9.0) 0.91
 Participation in community care conference 26 (13.5) 7 (14.6) 19 (13.1) 0.80
 Comprehension of long-term care insurance system* 70 (36.1) 17 (36.2) 53 (36.1) 0.99
 Involvement in community-based integrated care system* 45 (23.2) 11 (23.4) 34 (23.1) 0.97
 CH education at primary care setting 52 (26.7) 15 (31.3) 37 (25.2) 0.41
 CH education at educational institution 44 (22.6) 9 (18.8) 35 (23.8) 0.47
Selecting general medicine 1 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.7) 0.57
Working in rural area** 12 (6.5) 2 (4.4) 10 (7.1) 0.50
  1. Abbreviations: CBCT community-based clinical training, SD standard deviation, “Worthwhile”, “I think practicing community healthcare is worthwhile”; “Confidence”, “I am confident about practicing community healthcare”; “Rural”, “I want to work in rural area”; VAS visual analogue scale, CH community healthcare
  2. * 1 person’s data were missing. 2 person’s data were missing. 3 person’s data were missing. § 17 person’s data were missing. 23 person’s training places were identified. 4 person’s data were missing. ** 9 person’s data were missing. †† unpaired t-tests for continuous variables or chi-square tests for categorical variables
  3. a “Yes” or “rather yes” with 5-point Likert scale. b Any one item was “yes” in current CH practices