Table 1 Demographic characteristics of respondents by race/ethnicity
From: Factors associated with underrepresented minority physician scientist trainee career choices
| Demographic |
Total n (%) |
Asian or Pacific Islander n (%) |
Black or African American n (%) |
Multiracial or Other n (%) | White, n (%) | P-value |
Hispanic n (%) | P-value (Hispanic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training pathway | <.0001 | 0.008 | ||||||
| MD-RI | 639 (15.84%) | 89 (20.84%) | 35 (20.1%) | 141 (24.4%) | 374 (13.1%) | 56 (23.1%) | ||
| MD-PHD | 828 (20.5%) | 101 (23.7%) | 30 (18.0%) | 105 (18.2%) | 592 (20.7%) | 45 (18.6%) | ||
| MD | 2566 (63.63%) | 237 (55.5%) | 102 (61.1%) | 331 (57.4%) | 1869 (66.3%) | 141 (58.3%) | ||
| Total | 4033 (100%) | 427 (100%) | 167 (100%) | 577 (100%) | 2862 (100%) | 242 (100%) | ||
| Gender | 0.0034 | 0.2158 | ||||||
| Female | 2269 (56.5%) | 259 (61.8%) | 114 (68.7%) | 309 (53.8%) | 1587 (55.6%) | 133 (55.4%) | ||
| Male | 1736 (43.2%) | 159 (38.0%) | 52 (31.3%) | 262 (45.6%) | 1263 (44.2%) | 105 (43.8) | ||
| Other | 10 (0.25%) | 1 (0.24%) | 0 (−-) | 3 (0.52%) | 6 (0.21%) | 2 (0.83%) | ||
| TOTAL | 4015 (100%) | 419 (100%) | 166 (100%) | 574 (100%) | 2856 (71.1%) | 240 (100%) | ||
| Training stage | 0.0108 | 0.1864 | ||||||
| Medical School Year 1 | 1131 (28.2%) | 128 (30.2%) | 46 (27.7%) | 179 (31.1%) | 778 (27.3%) | 84 (35.0%) | ||
| Medical School Year 2 | 1015 (25.3%) | 115 (27.1%) | 35 (21.1%) | 156 (27.1%) | 709 (24.9%) | 65 (27.1%) | ||
| Medical School Year 3 | 655 (16.6%) | 65 (15.3%) | 29 (17.5%) | 76 (13.2%) | 485 (17.5%) | 33 (13.8%) | ||
| Medical School Year 4 | 666 (16.6%) | 53 (12.5%0 | 32 (19.3%) | 93 (14.4%) | 498 (17.5%) | 34 (14.2%) | ||
| Graduate School Year 1 | 127 (3.16%) | 8 (1.89%) | 7 (4.22%) | 18 (3.13%) | 94 (3.30%) | 8 (3.3%) | ||
| Graduate School Year 2 | 102 (2.54%) | 12 (2.83%) | 3 (1.81%) | 16 (2.78%) | 71 (2.49%) | 3 (1.3%) | ||
| Graduate School Year 3 | 84 (2.09%) | 13 (3.07%) | 3 (1.81%) | 7 (1.22%0 | 61 (2.14%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| Graduate School Year 4 | 85 (2.12%) | 10 (2.36%) | 2 (1.20%) | 12 (2.08%) | 18 (0.63%) | 3 (1.3%) | ||
| Graduate School Year 5 or more | 34 (0.84%) | 4 (0.94%) | 1 (0.60%) | 2 (0.35%) | 27 (0.95%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| TOTAL | 4018 (100%) | 424 (100%) | 166 (100%) | 576 (100%) | 2852 (100%) | 240 (100%) | ||
| Marital Status | <.0001 | 0.0595 | ||||||
| Is married/partnered | 1033 (26.2%) | 855 (30.6%) | 62 (14.8%) | 21 (13.0%) | 95 (16.8%) | 50 (20.8%) | ||
| Is NOT married/partnered | 2911 (73.8%) | 357 (85.2%) | 140 (87.0%) | 472 (83.3%) | 1942 (69.4%) | 190 (79.2%) | ||
| TOTAL | 3944 (100%) | 419 (100%) | 161 (100%) | 567 (100%) | 2797(100%) | 240 (100%) | ||
| Parental Status | <.0001 | 0.6096 | ||||||
| Has a child/children | 225 (5.71%) | 4 (0.95%) | 11 (6.79%) | 23 (4.06%) | 187 (6.69%) | 12 (5.0%) | ||
| Does NOT have a child/children | 3718 (94.3%) | 415 (99.1%) | 151 (93.2%) | 543 (95.9%) | 2609 (93.3%) | 229 (95.0%) | ||
| TOTAL | 3943 (100%) | 419 (100%) | 162 (100%) | 566 (100%) | 2796 (100%) | 241 (100%) | ||
| Advanced degree of mother1 | ||||||||
| MD or DO | 330 (8.18%) | 48 (11.2%) | 7 (4.19%) | 77 (13.3%) | 198 (6.92%) | <.0001 | 13 (5.37%) | 0.1120 |
| DDS | 17 (0.42%) | 2 (0.47%) | 1 (0.60%) | 3 (0.52%) | 11 (0.38%) | 0.9454 | 0 (0.00%) | 0.3016 |
| PhD | 208 (5.16%) | 35 (8.2%) | 11 (6.59%) | 34 (5.89%) | 128 (4.47%) | 0.0069 | 7 (2.89%) | 0.0981 |
| DVM | 9 (0.22%) | 0 (−-) | 0 (−-) | 0 (−-) | 9 (0.31%) | 0.2969 | 0 (−-) | 0.5791a |
| Master’s | 998 (24.8%) | 120 (28.1%) | 42 (25.2%) | 143 (24.8%) | 693 (24.2%) | 0.3864 | 47 (19.4%) | 0.0558 |
| Area of medicine mother works in1 | ||||||||
| Academia | 13 (3.04%) | 2 (1.20%) | 18 (3.12%) | 70 (2.45%) | 103 (2.55%) | 0.4711 | 2 (0.83%) | 0.0851 |
| Private practice | 158 (3.92%) | 16 (3.75%) | 3 (1.80%) | 40 (6.93%) | 99 (3.46%) | 0.0005 | 4 (1.65%) | 0.0657 |
| Consulting | 6 (0.15%) | 0 (−-) | 0 (−-) | 0 (−-) | 6 (0.15%) | 0.4828 | 1 (0.41%) | 0.2610a |
| Industry | 12 (0.30%) | 4 (0.94%) | 0 (−-) | 1 (0.17%) | 7 (0.24%) | 0.0735 | 1 (0.41%) | 0.3630a |
| Advanced degree of father1 | ||||||||
| MD or DO | 669 (16.6%) | 75 (17.6%) | 19 (11.4%) | 111 (19.2%) | 464 (16.2%) | 0.0789 | 33 (13.6%) | 0.2296 |
| DDS | 51 (1.26%) | 5 (1.17%) | 2 (1.20%) | 10 (1.73%) | 34 (1.19%) | 0.7566 | 4 (1.65%) | 0.1743a |
| PhD | 512 (12.7%) | 110 (25.8%) | 18 (10.8%) | 106 (18.4%) | 278 (9.71%) | <.0001 | 10 (4.13%) | <.0001 |
| JD | 205 (5.08%) | 2 (0.47%) | 2 (1.20%) | 15 (2.60%) | 186 (6.50%) | <.0001 | 9 (3.72%) | 0.3275 |
| DVM | 20 (0.50%) | 0 (−-) | 0 (−-) | 1 (0.17%) | 19 (0.66%) | 0.1210 | 0 (−-) | 0.2965a |
| Master’s | 952 (23.6%) | 118 (27.6%) | 39 (23.4%) | 159 (27.6%) | 636 (22.2%) | 0.0078 | 41 (16.9%) | 0.0139 |
| Area of medicine father works in1 | ||||||||
| Academia | 194 (4.81%0 | 22 (5.15%) | 2 (1.20%) | 37 (6.41%) | 133 (4.65%) | 0.0407 | 10 (4.13%) | 0.6337 |
| Private practice | 414 (10.3%) | 40 (9.37%) | 15 (8.98%) | 71 (12.3%) | 288 (10.1%) | 0.3332 | 21 (8.68%) | 0.4236 |
| Consulting | 31 (0.77%) | 2 (0.47%) | 0 (−-) | 3 (0.52%) | 26 (0.91%) | 0.3917 | 2 (0.83%) | 0.2796a |
| Industry | 33 (0.82%) | 6 (1.41%) | 0 (−-) | 2 (0.35%0 | 25 (0.87%) | 0.1809 | 1 (0.41%) | 0.2790a |
| How primarily paid for medical school1 n (% of 4072) | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||||
| MD-PhD or DO-PhD sponsored | 726 (18.28%) | 91 (21.7%) | 25 (15.4%) | 97 (17.0%) | 513 (18.2%) | 38 (15.77%) | ||
| Scholarships | 378 (9.52%) | 43 (10.3%) | 48 (29.6%) | 68 (11.9%) | 219 (7.77%) | 34 (14.11%) | ||
| Grants | 71 (1.79%) | 13 (3.10%) | 6 (3.70%) | 15 (2.63%) | 37 (1.31%) | 15 (6.22%) | ||
| Loans | 2076 (52.3%) | 163 (38.9%) | 77 (47.5%) | 243 (42.6%) | 1593 (56.5%) | 135 (56.02%) | ||
| National Service | 48 (1.21%) | 1 (0.24%) | 1 (0.62%) | 9 (1.58%) | 37 (1.31%) | 3 (1.24%) | ||
| Personal Savings | 45 (1.13%) | 6 (1.43%) | 0 (−-) | 5 (0.88%) | 34 (1.21%) | 2 (0.83%) | ||
| Family/partner Support | 619 (15.6%) | 102 (24.3%) | 4 (2.47%) | 133 (23.3%) | 380 (13.5%) | 14 (5.81%) | ||
| Work | 5 (0.15%) | 0 (−-) | 0 (−-) | 0 (−-) | 6 (0.15%) | 0 (−-) | ||
| Other | 2 (0.05%) | 0 (−-) | 1 (0.62%) | 0 (−-) | 1 (0.04%) | 0 (−-) | ||